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![]() ![]() However, electrum was used even thousands of years before that, by both the Akkadians and Ancient Egyptians (as evidenced by the Royal Cemetery at Ur). ![]() Green gold was known to the ancient Persians as long ago as 860 BC under the name electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold. This is why many Greco-Roman texts, and even many texts from the Middle Ages, describe gold as "red". ![]() An alloy with only gold and silver is the hardest at 15.5 K (64.5% gold and 35.5% silver).ĭuring ancient times, due to impurities in the smelting process, gold frequently turned a reddish color. The highest karat version of rose gold, also known as crown gold, is 22 karat.Īmongst the alloys made of gold, silver and copper, the hardest is the 18.1 K pink gold (75.7% gold and 24.3% copper). 14K red gold, often found in the Middle East, contains 41.67% copper. Up to 15% zinc can be added to copper-rich alloys to change their color to reddish yellow or dark yellow. ![]() 18K pink gold: 75% gold, 20% copper, 5% silver.Examples of the common alloys for 18K rose gold, 18K red gold, 18K pink gold, and 12K red gold include: Pink gold uses the least copper, followed by rose gold, with red gold having the highest copper content. Rose gold jewelry is becoming more popular in the 21st century, and is commonly used for wedding rings, bracelets, and other jewelry.Īlthough the names are often used interchangeably, the difference between red, rose, and pink gold is the copper content: the higher the copper content, the stronger the red coloration. Rose gold, also known as pink gold and red gold, was popular in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, and was also known as Russian gold, although this term is now obsolete. Rose gold is a gold–copper alloy widely used for specialized jewelry. 18K yellow (darker) gold: 75% gold, 15% copper, 10% silver.Yellow gold Įxamples of the common alloys for 18K yellow gold include: Gold is rarely pure gold, even before another metal is added to make a white gold alloy, and often contains a mercury alloy from its production mercury can also cause an allergic reaction. This reaction, typically a minor skin rash from nickel dermatitis, occurs in about one out of eight people because of this, many countries do not use nickel in their white gold formulations. The nickel used in some white gold alloys can cause an allergic reaction when worn over long periods (also notably on some wristwatch casings). Palladium and nickel act as primary bleaching agents for gold zinc acts as a secondary bleaching agent to attenuate the color of copper. The alloys used in the jewelry industry are gold–palladium–silver and gold–nickel–copper–zinc. The strength of gold–nickel–copper alloys is caused by formation of two phases: a gold-rich Au–Cu, and a nickel-rich Ni–Cu, and the resulting hardening of the material. Copper can be added to increase malleability. The jewelry industry often conceals these off-white colors by rhodium plating thus it is a common misconception that the color of the rhodium plating, which is seen on many commercial pieces, is the actual color of white gold.Ī common white gold formulation consists of 90% wt. The word white covers a broad range of colors that borders or overlaps pale yellow, tinted brown, and even very pale rose. The term white gold is used very loosely in the industry to describe karat gold alloys with a whitish hue. As a result, white gold alloys can be used for many different purposes: while a nickel alloy is hard and strong, and therefore good for rings and pins gold–palladium alloys are soft, pliable, and good for white-gold gemstone settings, sometimes with other metals, like copper, silver, and platinum, added for weight and durability (although this often requires specialized goldsmiths). White gold's properties vary depending on the metals used and their proportions. Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in karats. White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal (usually nickel, silver, or palladium). ![]()
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